Death Penalty Essay Against Example For Students

Death Penalty Essay Against Illinois, Citing Faulty Verdicts, Bars ExecutionsBy DIRK JOHNSON SPRINGFIELD, IL (AP) Citing a shameful record of convicting innocent people and putting them on death row, Gov. George Ryan of Illinois today halted all executions in the state, the first such moratorium in the nation. Governor Ryan, a moderate Republican who supports the death penalty but questions its administration, noted that 13 men had been sentenced to death in Illinois since 1977 for crimes they did not commit, before ultimately being exonerated and freed by the courts. I cannot support a system, which, in its administration, has proven so fraught with error, he said, and has come so close to the ultimate nightmare, the states taking of innocent life. Opponents of the death penalty, who said mistaken convictions like those discovered in Illinois were common throughout the nation, hailed the move. Since 1973, 85 people have been found to be innocent and released from death row. The Nebraska Legislature passed a mo ratorium on executions last year, citing concerns of racial disparity in sentencing, but the governor vetoed it. Bills that would halt executions are pending in 12 states. In Oregon, an anti-death-penalty group led by Mark Hatfield, a former Republican senator and governor, hopes to put a measure on the ballot that would eliminate executions and instead provide for sentences of life without parole. More than 600 inmates have been put to death since 1977, when the Supreme Court allowed the reinstatement of the death penalty. The death penalty is on the law books in 38 states. The Midwest has traditionally been a center of opposition to the death penalty. It is not allowed in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota or Wisconsin. In Illinois, about 150 inmates are on death row; none had an execution date. Governor Ryans announcement of a moratorium met with little public criticism here, a measure of how public outrage over the wrongful convictions has changed the political landscape on the issue in this state. Until I can be sure that everyone sentenced to death in Illinois is truly guilty, until I can be sure with moral certainty that no innocent man or woman is facing a lethal injection, no one will meet that fate, the governor said. Mr. Ryan resisted calls for a moratorium last year, but he said that continuing evidence of flaws in the system, including still more reversals of convictions, had persuaded him to impose a moratorium. One of the leading voices for a moratorium has been that of Mayor Richard M. Daley of Chicago, who, while he was Cook County States Attorney in the 1980s, prosecuted some of the death penalty cases that later were overturned. Mayor Daley now contends that prosecutors did nothing improper in these cases but that defense lawyers were often poorly financed and sometimes incompetent. In nine of the reversed Illinois cases, students and professors at Northwestern University unearthed pivotal evidence that freed the men from death row. Law rence Marshall, a law professor at Northwestern who is director of the Center for Wrongful Convictions at the university, said that the mistakes unearthed in Illinois surely existed in other states. This should not be seen as an Illinois problem, Professor Marshall said. What happened here is that we got lucky in the first few cases, and found the evidence? After that, people were more willing to take a second look at other cases. The willingness in Illinois to examine such cases, Mr. Marshall said, means that letters from inmates protesting innocence are not ignored. The political climate has changed here, he said. There has been an astonishing recognition that innocent people are being sent to death row. So now people are re-examining cases in Illinois that would not be re-examined in other states. While Illinois seems to have become a center of debate over the death penalty, the issue is gaining resonance around the nation, after many years in which it was seen as essentially a d ead letter in American politics. Besides the halt on executions here, and the vetoed moratorium in Nebraska, the death penalty has been the focus of intense scrutiny in Florida and other states. Last year, in a visit to the United States, Pope John Paul II called on Catholics to oppose the death penalty. And a new movie, Hurricane, examines the life of a man, Rubin Carter, who was sent to death row for a crime he did not commit. People are starting to raise more concerns about the death penalty, said Steven Hawkins, the executive director of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Its becoming obvious that mistakes can be made, and innocent people can be sent to death row. While the wrongful convictions in Illinois have generated intense scrutiny and debate, Florida has had 18-death row cases reversed, the most of any state. Governor Ryan, who said he would appoint a panel to study death penalty sentences, heads the Illinois campaign for Gov. George W. Bush of Texas, th e state that executes more people than any other. I believe that a public dialogue must begin on the question of fairness of the application of the death penalty in Illinois, Mr. Ryan said. In about a year as governor, Mr. Ryan has taken some actions that have put him at odds with conservatives in his party. He has called for strict gun control, expressed support for the civil rights of gays and traveled to Cuba and met with Fidel Castro. Some suburban and downstate lawmakers complain that Mr. Ryan has maintained too cozy a political relationship with Mayor Daley, a Democrat. Mr. Ryan has lately been beleaguered by an investigation into a bribery scandal at drivers license bureaus that occurred during his watch as the Illinois secretary of state. While Mr. Ryan has not been charged with wrongdoing, one of his top aides is expected to be indicted. Seventeen people have pleaded guilty to taking bribes to fix drivers license exams, and some of the money went to Mr. Ryans campaign. Sinc e 1977, Illinois has executed 12 inmates, the most recent in March 1999, the lethal injection of Andrew Kokoraleis, and a suburban Chicago man who had been convicted of an especially grisly murder. The Cook County States Attorneys Office has instituted special internal reviews for all cases that would be eligible for the death penalty. The prosecutors office, which is headed by Richard Devine, a Democrat, has not called for an execution date since April 1998. David Erickson, the first assistant states attorney, said the governors call for a moratorium was appropriate. The easy thing would have been to finger-point, and the governor did not do that, Mr. Erickson said. If something has fallen apart here, it is a systemic problem. .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 , .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .postImageUrl , .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 , .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:hover , .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:visited , .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:active { border:0!important; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:active , .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843 .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99bfa2ecccce166dffebbe0d111e6843:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Case for Microsoft Essay

Self-reports in psychology Essay Example

Self-reports in psychology Paper Using examples, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the use of self-reports in psychology.  One of the strengths of using self-reports as a method of data collection in psychology is that, if we are to believe the cognitive approach, this is the only way in which we can extract information about the way a person thinks. To clinically interview a person, such as in Ellis’ study on Rational Analysis as a means of treating an affective disorder can provide important information about the individual that otherwise cannot be seen, as the cognitive approach believes that mental processes, or cognitions, are hypothetical constructs and the only way we can establish reasons for behaviour is to ask the individual themselves. Another strength of self-reports in psychology is that you can collect both quantitative and qualitative data from them. With the use of closed questions whereby predetermined answers are provided (multiple choice questionnaires, e.g. a Likert scale), researchers can collect quantified measurements of the number of people who chose a certain answer, like in Holmes Rà ¤he’s study of Life Changing Events, where the majority of participants rated the bereavement of a spouse/partner as the hardest thing to adjust to on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), giving in a collective rating of 100/100. With open questions however, there is room for elaboration, meaning the participants can explain and illustrate reasons behind their decision to, for example, strongly agree/disagree with a statement the questionnaire makes, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Self-reports in psychology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Self-reports in psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Self-reports in psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A weakness of the self report method however is the introduction of social desirability. In almost all studies on medical adherence there is a worry of social desirability affecting the answers. In Becker’s study into providing empirical evidence for the support of his Health Belief Model, he conducted self-reports on the mothers of asthmatic children and whether they stuck to their child’s prescribed regimens. It could be argued here that the mothers may have lied about their adherence to the regimen in order to make themselves appear a responsible mother who, regardless of interferences, gave their child their prescribed regimen of asthma medication. A further weakness of self-reports in psychology is that there is no real way of making self-reports ecologically valid as answering questionnaires about psychological research is not something humans regularly involve themselves with. In almost all studies, but particularly studies like Farrington, et al.’s into delinquent development, where ecological validity can be considered relatively high, the use of self-reports interviews during the participants development into an adult reduce the ecological validity as the participants had to be contacted and visited to conduct the interview, thus making self-reports’ ecological validity a limitation in psychology.

Essay Samples For Class - How Do You Know Which Ones Are Best?

Essay Samples For Class - How Do You Know Which Ones Are Best?If you're wondering about the best essay samples for class then you've come to the right place. People have different opinions on what they believe is the best way to write an essay and at times they can get angry because of their opinion. Well, I will present to you the very best examples for you to study.As I said before, there is no one method that is the best for every individual. What's best for someone else may not be good for you. The most important thing in studying for an essay is to remember that you're only trying to impress people. That means, if you're not an expert, then please don't be negative.The best way to study for an essay is to look up your college English teachers who will have some great tips on what they do when writing their own essays. I've compiled a list of the top 5 most influential writers who are used in my classes and one thing I did was to compare their techniques.One of the easiest method s to use is the Word Breaks method. This method has been proven by many people to be very effective. I think it's a must that you try this method out because when you write it will make a huge difference.So, as a British writer, as well as a college English teacher, I wanted to do something for my students so I did some research to find out exactly how effective it was. Now, the interesting thing is that the results were surprising! One of the most influential writers of all time used the Word Breaks method.I got a lot of emails from other English writers thanking me for helping them improve their essays. I have personally never used this method, but a lot of my students swear by it.Now, if you haven't done it yet, start thinking about where you are going to find examples. Look for resources which are written in a similar manner to what you want to create.

Dolce and Gabbanas Fingerprint

Dolce and Gabbanas Fingerprint Dolce and Gabbana’s market section entails customers above the age of twenty-five coming from a stable and preferably strong financial background (Vivanco 15). Dolce and Gabbana’s target market is the top and wealthy class of societies from across the globe interested in stylish, classy, and fashionable commodities. Dolce and Gabbana’s positioning involves stylish, contemporary, distinctive, and creative luxuries with class.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dolce and Gabbana’s Fingerprint specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The luxury cursor as applied to Dolce and Gabbana Social motion pictures are a more popular strategy amongst luxury organizations today than they have ever been. However, it might be hard to steer transactions solely based on social motion pictures (Vivanco 40). In addition, contributing an economic option to a YouTube channel is a simple method of bringing customers to a w ebsite and purchase apparel and accessories that they recently viewed in the social video. This is Dolce and Gabbana’s luxury cursor (Vivanco 41). Dolce and Gabbana branded a YouTube channel that permits a video-instilled experience that incorporates rich factors of narration, appropriateness, and marketing for ecommerce through elegant banners. Contemporary society thrives in an era of multiplatform utility and Dolce and Gabbana makes a stylish editorial the same as the likes of Vogue, W, V, and interview magazine (Vivanco 77). Consecutively, clicking on other parts of Dolce and Gabbana’s YouTube channel highlights thumbnail still pictures from every video. Browsing through these videos with a cursor also highlights the video title and other information. Dolce and Gabbana’s used to employ digital efforts with a range of objectives in mind in the course of the second quarter of 2012. Nonetheless, it is definite that email, site, and social media are more overbea ring to a contemporary promotion plan in 2013 than 2012 (Vivanco 107). Eventually, these efforts can make a 360-degree brand message stronger than other brands. Italian fashion brand Dolce and Gabbana recently retooled its YouTube channel to give the appearance and experience a lift of the brand world. The organization managed to make these changes by applying stylish artistic and clear journalistic lines, per Dolce and Gabbana (Vivanco 109). The Dolce and Gabbana YouTube channel runs on featured motion pictures, collections, movements, splendor, friends and occasions, visions and accessories. The channel enables users to browse through each highlighted video using the arrows on the section (Roberts 2013). On the other hand, clicking on other sections highlights thumbnail unmoving images from every video. Browsing over the motion pictures using a cursor highlights the title and also provides other information about the video (Vivanco 110). For example, the ecommerce section of Dolce and Gabbana youtube channel attracts buyers straight to the Dolce and Gabbana site.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From here, the buyers can peruse through various drifts. Dolce and Gabbana appears to be trailblazing this marvel that is on the verge of raising ecommerce dealings, particularly when buyers simply watched a motion picture that gets them in the spending frame of mind. SWOT Analysis Strengths Dolce and Gabbana is a robust brand status. Dolce and Gabbana’s biggest market section comprises of loyal customers. Dolce and Gabbana has creative and exclusive commodities appropriate for people’s preference for change and quality launched often (Vivanco 158). Dolce and Gabbana has a huge collection of brands. Weaknesses All of Dolce and Gabbana commodities are costly, which limits its consumer base to the wealthy and classy group of society. Dolc e and Gabbana’s operations are highly dependent on economic fluctuations. As a result, Dolce and Gabbana has greater sales when the market settings are improved and vice versa than when the market is in turmoil (Vivanco 161). Dolce and Gabbana faces strong rivalry from other luxury brands such as Louie Vuitton and Gucci. Opportunities Dolce and Gabbana has an expanding market in the luxury section in financial systems such as India and China (Vivanco 166). Dolce and Gabbana has commodity and services growth across the globe. Dolce and Gabbana has a high innovation rate in commodities. Threats Dolce and Gabbana faces a lot of robust rivals competing in terms of creativity, elegance, and stylishness. Dolce and Gabbana finds it hard to break the loyalty of consumers from other brands (Vivanco 169). Dolce and Gabbana makes large investments in marketing of its brands. Dolce and Gabbana Future The designers of Dolce and Gabbana may have to reduce their anger when it comes to deali ng with rivalry and media controversies (Roberts 2013). This is because Dolce and Gabbana has a record of poor public relations, which is a disadvantage for a company trying to penetrate new markets (Vivanco 185). Dolce and Gabbana has a record of poor public relations because the organization was forced to close stores in Milan in july 2013 because of public criticism (Roberts 2013). The organization was compelled to put up signs of â€Å"closed for indignation,† which escalated the problem of public criticism instead of solving it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dolce and Gabbana’s Fingerprint specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to prevent future exhibition signs of indignation shutdowns, Dolce and Gabbana may have to avoid any other form of confrontation with rival organizations apart from demand and supply. Dolce and Gabbana may also become reluctant out of all proportion of suffering the al legations of the tax organizations and the Italian income returns authorities (Roberts 2013). For instance, Dolce and Gabbana’s owners were convicted of more than  £860 million of tax avoidance (Roberts 2013). Dolce and Gabbana may not succeed penetrating new markets if it does not stop these convictions from public figures and the ongoing media humiliation. Roberts, Hannah. Dolce Gabbana close their Milan shops in protest at being pilloried over tax evasion convictions. Mail Online, 19 Jul. 2013. Web. Vivanco, Mariano. Dolce Gabbana Uomini. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Incorporated, 2011. Print.

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish Here are Spanish lyrics for The 12 Days of Christmas, a carol that has been sung in the English-speaking world since at least the 16th century. Los 12 das de Navidad El primer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³una perdiz picando peras del peral. El segundo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El tercer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El cuarto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El quinto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sexto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sà ©ptimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El octavo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El noveno dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El dà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El undà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El duodà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³doce tamborileros, once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Primer, segundo, tercer, etc.:  These are the words for  first, second, third, etc.  Primer  is a  shortened form  of  primero, and  tercer  is a shortened form of  tercero. They are shortened in this manner when appearing before a singular masculine noun. The forms used here for 11th and 12th are not common in spoken in Spanish. Dà ­a:  Dà ­a, meaning day, is an  exception  to the rule that nouns ending in  -a  are masculine. Navidad: This word can refer not only to Christmas Day but also to the season in general. Amor:  This is the word for love. It can refer not only to the emotion, but also to a person such as a sweetheart. It is related to the verb  amar. The noun  remains masculine even when it refers to a girl or woman. Mandà ³:  Mandà ³Ã‚  is a past-tense form of  mandar, which most often means to mandate or to order, but in this case means to send. Perdiz:  A partridge or ptarmigan. Picando:  This is  present participle  of  picar, which can mean to bite or to peck at. So a literal translation of this line would be a partridge pecking at pears of the pear tree. Note that here  the present participle functions as an adjective. In standard Spanish, the present participle acts as an adverb, but adjectival use such as this is sometimes used in poetry, journalistic writing, and translations from English. Pera, peral:  Pear, pear tree. The  suffix  -al  often refers to a tree or grove of trees. For example, an orange is a  naranja, while an orange grove is a  naranjal. Tortolita:  A name for numerous types of doves and related birds. Tortolita is a diminutive form of tà ³rtola, which can also refer to a turtledove. Diminutives such as this, while common in childrens music and literature, are not used extensively in serious contexts. Gallinita:  A  diminutive  form of  gallina, meaning hen.  Ã‚  A rooster is a  gallo. Pajarito:  A  diminutive  form of  pjaro, meaning bird. This could be translated as birdie. Anillo:  A ring. Dorado:  Golden. The word comes from ​dorar.  a verb that means to coat something with gold or to turn something brown. The word for gold is oro. Mam gansas:  About the only place youll find this phrase in Spanish is in this song - it means mother geese, but you normally wouldnt say it this way (one way would be  gansas madre).  Mam Gansa  and  Mam Ganso, however, are common ways of translating Mother Goose. Cisnito:  A  diminutive  form of  cisne, swan. Lecherita:  A  lechera  is a female who works with milk, usually someone who sells milk, but in context it could be one who milks cows.  Lecherita  is a  diminutive  form. Bailarina:  A female dancer, frequently referring to a ballet dancer. It is derived from bailar, the verb meaning to dance. Seà ±or:  Although this word is often used nowadays as a courtesy title translated as Mr., it can also refer to a lord.   Saltando:  The  present participle  of  saltar, to jump. Gaiterito:  A  diminutive  form of  gaitero, a piper. The related word gaita can refer to instruments such as flutes and bagpipes. Tamborilero:  A drummer. The related words tambor and tambora can also be used to refer to drums and drummers.

Trade Secrets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trade Secrets - Research Paper Example Companies describe the requirements for information security on conventional ‘perimeter’ arena. All organizations make large investments to safeguard the physical assets and also the infrastructure of information. Even though this approach is efficient in hindering the unauthorized people from getting admission from outside, it does nothing to hinder theft or even loss of serious information by people inside the organization (Fink, 2002). If a company fails to measure the long term effect of espionage activity so a single, defined, calculation of the monetary fatalities indirectly and directly might take place due to economic espionage on yearly basis can never be made. Assumptions have been made in the past which begins from $53 billion to $1 trillion. Fatalities can only imitate inventory ‘snapshots’ when audit was carried out. Reporting as such does not take into consideration the lost jobs and sales activities that can take a long time. Trade secrets are identifies when they are kept in draft or formal documents, computer files, working papers, calendars for appointment, internal communication, policy documents, regulatory and legal filings, newsletters, meeting minutes, patent applications, and annual reports (Doyle,2012). Usually collectors like the idea of improving clues to the secret information of trade secret from dumpsters located in and outside building. Trade secrets are also found in memory banks of the employees, and are discussion topics at local areas. Experiences collectors use illegal and legal means together to come up with a balanced collection of human and technical and direct and indirect approach. Internet is also widely used by spies and collectors to find out information and at the right time hide their affiliation, genuine identity, and also the location. The publically used internet locations include colleges, libraries, and universities for instance who give brilliant information and legitimacy too (Fink, 2002). EEA (The Economic Espionage Act) forbids two forms of the trade secret theft for the advantage of any foreign entity known as economic espionage and also the theft of trade secrets (theft for pecuniary gain). Under any prohibition, its reach widens to the theft from this electronic storage. Criminals have to go through imprisonment for a time period of less than ten years in case of the trade secret theft and also not more than fifteen years in case of economic espionage. Individuals may acquire fines of less than $250,000 or twice the gain or loss linked with felony for trade secret theft and also for economic espionage less than that of $5 million or even twice the gain or loss. Firms are fined more harshly, up to a degree of $5 million or even twice the loss or gain for the trade secret theft. Firms are charged a charge of less than $10 million, which is thrice that of trade secret, or even twice that of loss or gain with the felony in case of economic espionage. According to EEA, trade secret is defined as any information that demonstrates economic value’s true potential not known to or willingly ascertainable via right means by public, and owner takes practical measures to keep this information a secret. An owner in this case is the one who is right full authoritative or is equitably likely titled or licensed to when trade secret is relaxed. A person found guilty of stealing trade secret is only liable if he knowingly robs a trade secret, changes it, alters or destroys it, or even accepts a stolen trade secret

Diploma in Ship Superintendancy Module 3 TMA Essay

Diploma in Ship Superintendancy Module 3 TMA - Essay Example This can be followed when there is enough Insurance for the ship and the cargo. I t is important to know to whom the insurance is named after and whether the insurance is assigned to a bank under a loan agreement. The extent of the insurance should be known for there may be uncovered items. Then there is Freight Management which is the provision of voyage orders and other information to enable the master to plan and undertake the voyage, of voyage estimates and accounts, the calculation of hire and freights, dispatch and demurrage and the arrangement of the correct collection and payment of all charter hire and freight monies. Fifth would be Accounting which is the accurate records of accounts. Sixth is Chartering which is the owner's instructions. Proper coordination with the owner, or a selected organization, is crucial to avoid mistakes. Next is Vessel Sales and Purchase. This is a major activity where the exchange of the purchase price with the deed of sale of the ship along with the physical asset. Eighth is Provisions and Bunkering. This is the negotiation for competitive prices for optimum quality for shipment. Then we have Operation, which includes voyage estimates, voyage instructions, appointment of agents and stevedores and the arrangements for surveying cargoes. ... Seaworthiness and cargoworthiness always go hand in hand. As an overview, seaworthiness is the shipowner's responsibility to see the ship is fit for travel and cargowothiness is the responsibility to make the cargo hulls safe for the cargo and the cargo safe for transport. Related directly as the shipowner's right to limit his liabilities, the concept is of seaworthiness is a very important in legal context. This is achieved by proper preparation at the start of the voyage. This means that the ship must be properly manned, equipped and supplied. The parts of the ship in which the good are carried must be fit and safe for receipt, carriage and preservation. At the event that cargo is not at par with the cargo owner's desires, the right to limit the liabilities can then be challenged at court. The concept of cargoworthiness relates as the consideration associated with fitness for purpose and condition. This is now the cargo owner's task to see that his products are properly transported. This is important for both the cargo and ship owner's because it will definitely limit future problems with substandard shipments. Furthermore, the cargo must be properly loaded, stowed, carried, discharged and delivered. This now is the mainly the responsibility of the cargo owner, although it does go hand in hand with the shipowner's task of keeping the ship seaworthy. Even if the ship is of perfect condition for cargo containment, without the proper handling and transport of the cargo to and from the vessel, it is still likely that the goods are to be damaged. 3. The process involved in amending (in 1995) the STCW convention and ensuring that it operates consistently and effectively Back in 1974 when the STCW convention was first introduced, it was